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digger wasp (Pryonix sp)

excavators Wasps engloban a un buen número de himenópteros solitarios, es decir, no forman colonias como ocurre con otras avispas que ya vimos en el blog. Además son realmenente beneficiosas para el hombre pues capturan saltamontes, grillos y otros insectos perjudiciales para la agricultura.

Estas avispas de la familia Sphecidae y en concreto los especímenes del género Pryonix resultan fascinantes, no sólo por su anatomía sino también por su forma de actuar.
A simple vista se aprecia en su morfología una cabeza relativamente ancha respecto al torax, unas antenas no acodadas y unas alas estilizadas que en reposo se muestran cerradas sobre el tórax. Sin embargo, lo que más llama la atención en el caso de Pryorix sp. gaster is the design and especially the length and thinness of the belt that joins the chest.

A characteristic of this wasp is its position, perched on a stem but completely upside down, as shown in one of the photos attached.

The common name of these wasps is due to the way they build their nests.

The digger wasp nests are usually found in areas provided with clear dry vegetation on the ground.

The female searches and carefully choose a place to dig their nests, which usually takes about 3 inches deep. Then capture prey, usually a grasshopper or a cricket, to paralyzing but not killing with its sting and it feeds into the nest. Finally lays an egg on the dam and carefully cover the entrance so that their future children with safe shelter and food for their development. Can occur between 2 and 3 generations per year.

Although larvae feed on insects that deposit their parent in the nest, adults feed on pollen and nectar from flowers, thus contributing positively to the pollination of crops, while limiting the development of pests.

More information on these links:

• 
  
  20excavadora.pdf http://www.tramayazahar.com/v1/images/fauna/avispa%
• 
  
  http://ichn.iec.cat/bages/brolles/Imatges% 20grans/cPrionyx% 20kirbii.htm
• 
  
  http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphecidae

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RATCHET (Cicada barbara)

In Espuña is "crickets." In fact it is not common in these latitudes that refer to them as locusts, but always as cicadas. In neighboring populations that term is more common, especially among older people.

In any case we refer to the insects of the family Cicadidae and in the specific case of the photograph that accompanies Cicada barbara.

On the peninsula are present C. barbara, C. barbara subsp. and C. lusitanica orni. The best way to differentiate one species from another is by singing, as Cicada barbara continuous chirp while Cicada orni does intermittently. Besides the species C. orni is more common in the northern half of the peninsula, while in the southern half is more common Cicada barbara.

This insect belongs to the group of Hemiptera, which are recognized among other things by having an oral appliance in the form of "peak articulated." This peak is used to insert the stems and roots of plants and feed the sap, so suffer.

These insects are the males who sing his signature song while perched to attract females. They use a stridulatory apparatus located on the sides of first abdominal segment. The stridulatory apparatus consists of chitin-coated membranes called toms, and air bags that act as sounding boards. Each species gives its song to a different frequency and intensity. In the links at the bottom of the post I facilitated a link to a website where you can hear the calls of different types of insects of the family Cicadidae, including Cicada barbara and C. Orni, to appreciate differences.

The female cicada lays her eggs in holes in wood, usually of living trees, so when they hatch, the nymphs fall to the ground where they dig using their front legs swelled up to the roots of the tree or a plant adjacent which feeds by removing sap. Only emerge from their underground shelter to develop the adult stage and reproduce. Their life cycle can range from one to several years.

For this reason, the horn is considered a secondary pest especially in the cultivation of olives, which seems to have special predilection.

have more information on these links:

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicadidae
• http://www.cicadasong.eu/cicadidae.html (A very interesting site where you can hear the songs of different species of cicadas .
• http://www.mapa.es/ministerio/pags/biblioteca/plagas/BSVP-24-04-803-816.pdf (Study on the Impact of Cicada sp. in olive cultivation and their treatment)
• http://es.wikisource.org/wiki/La_cigarra_y_la_hormiga_ (Samaniego ) (I could not miss a link to the famous fable of Samaniego)

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KING'S HEAD (Coronilla minima lotoides)

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TIGRE SPIDER (Argiope lobata)

often referred to as Argiope lobata spider tigre ", mainly due to its yellow and black colors. However, the common name tiger spider is commonly used for both the genus Argiope spiders to the globular Scytodes, originally from Chile.

In the attached photo we see a ventral view (ie viewed from below) of Argiope lobata, taken in the vicinity of El Berro.

This spider is classified as araneomorphs because their chelicerae are arranged diagonally, unlike other spiders called Mygalomorphae, whose chelicerae are directed downward. (The chelicerae are mouth pieces that can be used to inject the poison and is located just outside the mouth).

Like many spiders, A. lobata has a large sexual dimorphism, the female being much larger than the male.

Their fabrics are very durable and generally reach up to 1 meter in diameter and often that the build between 2 plants nearby (often rosemary), so sometimes a clueless hiker hits her with the resulting shock and revulsion gesture.

Their sting, although not fatal unless it causes a reaction in the individual, it can be very painful.

edit this post to include a new picture dorsal view and in which there is also a male.

For more information about this spider follow these links:

• 
  
  http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argiope_lobata
  
  
• 
  
  http://ichn.iec.cat / bages / arbusts / Imatges% 20Grans/cArgiope% 20lobata.htm
  
  

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Lark (Lullula arborea)

The Lark is a bird that can be easily seen in open fields and areas bordering Sierra Espuña preferring Montebajo areas with few trees. The accompanying photographs were taken at the limits of the Espuña, between the hamlets of El Berro and alhameñas Gebas.

is very easy to identify because it has the characteristic ridge behind the head.

It feeds primarily on insects, some spiders and seeds and berries.

Her singing is a kind of "lu-lu-lu, very characteristic so it is not difficult to recognize even though we can not see the author.

have more information on these links:

• 
  
  http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totov% C3% ADa
• 
  
  http://www.ibercajalav.net/img / 301_Lullula_arborea.pdf
• 
  
  http://www.club-caza.com/dossiers/aves/ficha.asp?np=259

edit this post to update with some recent photos of a copy Young woodlark:

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CARDO MARIANO (Sylibum marianum) BUTTERFLY

We meet today with a plant that is known under a variety of common names: milk thistle, Scotch thistle, milk thistle ... If good and to avoid confusion with other thistles that share common name it is best to refer it by its scientific name Sylibum marianum.

Milk thistle is a herbaceous annual or biennial longevity, often appearing in vacant lots or roadsides and which can be distinguished from other thistles, among other things, the white stripes that run along the bundle of leaves. These leaves are irregular and have spines, and may reach 30 inches and come in a rosette. The height of this plant can reach at the time of its peak of 1.5 meters, so its size when the flowers appear, usually in their second year of life is spectacular.

These flowers come to measure 8 inches in diameter and have an intense color halfway between pink and purple.

Milk thistle is related to the artichoke, which is why in certain areas is known as artichoke or "Scotch alcancil" rather than as milk thistle.

This name (milk thistle) comes from a legend curious connected with its many medicinal qualities we will mention later.

By all accounts, this thistle leaves are spotted with white (hence the stripes on the leaves) with milk poured the Virgin Mary when Jesus was nursing. For this reason the plant will be blessed and full of healing properties.

in England refer to this plant as a "troublemaker snake" as it can cause them fight against each other. This award certainly iconic draws a parallel between the serpent and the bad on one side and milk thistle and good for another.

Besides their magical properties, it is true that traditionally used this plant for medicinal purposes to various ailments. Its seeds are derived substances such as silymarin, which is used in diseases of liver and gallbladder and silibinin, used in mushroom poisoning (Amanita phalloides and Amanita muscaria). Furthermore benefits are attributed cough, asthma, bleeding ... although its potential benefits have not always been scientifically proven. In one of the links that we facilitate at the end of this post will detail their properties as well as scientific or medical validity.

It also has culinary uses to serve its leaves to make salads, remove the bones previously clear. We thank

collaboration of Antonio González, user and contributor to http://www.biodiversidadvirtual.org/herbarium/ in identifying this plant.

More information on the following links:

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silybum_marianum
• http://www.botanical-online.com/cardomariano.htm
• http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/mednat/silybum_marianum.pdf (Interesting article about the therapeutic properties of this plant)
• http://www.zonaverde. net / silybummarianum.htm

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VANESA from thistles (Vanessa cardui)

The vanesa from thistles or Cardera (Vanessa cardui) is a butterfly belonging to the family of the nymphal like its close relative Vanessa atalanta, which already speak in another blog entry.

Butterfly is a medium-large to easily reach 5 cm in size. Predominates in its wings orange, contrasted with black and white.

this lepidopteran caterpillars feed on various plant families Boraginaceae, Malvaceae and Asteraceae, especially Carduus crispus, plant fairly common in the lower areas of the natural park and known locally as "Scotch thistle." Just a preference of caterpillars of Vanessa cardui by this plant gets its common name from thistles vanesa or Cardero.

This butterfly habitat is not usually set in a specific area for a long time, but throughout his entire adult life can travel long distances (1000 km), including on these trips true migration, because although it is present in all latitudes of the planet under the Antarctic, only lives in warm temperate areas.

adults fly in two generations from early spring until mid or late summer. Okay

acclimated to living in different altitudes and it is commonly found in various areas of Sierra Espuña, from the highest peaks to the areas near the urban centers of the towns adjacent to the park.

More information:

• 
  
  http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_cardui
• 
  
  http://www.asturnatura.com/especie/vanessa-cardui.html
• 
  
  http://ichn.iec.cat/Bages/brolles/Imatges% 20grans/cVanessa% 20cardui.htm

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This

is a very fun game like the game of Pass the cucumber that we published earlier. For this game you need a piece of wooden broom handle 50 cm long and need a hard cardboard roll which fits the suit. The boyfriend with his legs hold the cardboard roll and the guests will enter a rolling pin to roll. Here is a video to see the game.

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HORNET (Megascolia maculata flavifrons)

Despite their large size (about 5 inches including the antennas) and As the largest wasp in Europe, is becoming increasingly difficult to find a copy of Megascolia maculata flavifrons.

Unlike what can be thought of seeing her for the first time, M. maculata is virtually harmless and does not attack humans, unless of course you feel threatened or be manipulated. Has an impressive stinger (only female) and a jaw line to its large size. Their sting in principle no more serious than any other wasp, although its bite given the size of its jaws it can be much more painful. In any case it is better not to check.

can a priori be confused with Megascolia bidens, although this has orange antennae, while in M. maculata black.

is a solitary animal which does not form colonies. Its development depends largely on the presence of "rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes nasicornis). The female beetle larvae looking Megascolia (beetles), especially rhinoceros beetle. Once a larva located the spurs, paralyzing, stopped developing it and depositing an egg from which emerge a hornet larvae to be fed the larva of the beetle.

plaggic Due to the use of pesticides and rhinoceros beetle populations is being reduced drastically, which undoubtedly affects the reproduction of Megascolia maculata.

rhinoceros beetles lay their larvae in tree stumps, and (except for plants, conifers) and are therefore linked to agricultural and natural environments, which is why it is difficult to find the Megascolia maculata in urban areas.

in English is known by the common name "wasp Mammoth (Mammoth Wasp). No need to explain why.

In the attached photo you can see a female M. maculata flavifrons. It is recognized as female by the large yellow spots of the head, since the male's head is almost entirely black but may present any stain or yellow stripe but much smaller or almost imperceptible, in addition to smaller size head and long antennae.

can find more information at:

• 
  
  http://www.levante-emv.com/comunitat-valenciana/2008/06/29/comunitat-valenciana-avispas-gigantes-camp-turia/466420. html
• 
  
  http://www.wildsideholidays.com/natural/insects-and-creepy-crawlies/92-bees-wasps-and-flies/281-mammoth-wasp-megascolia-regiscolia-maculata- flavifrons-parasitic wasp-of-four-puntas.html (In English)